One of the most important topics taught at the start of introductory physics is the idea of vectors. Students really need proficiency with them if they are to use force and momentum. Just about every ...

The quadrature processing techniques employed in spectrum analysis,computer graphics, and digital communications routinely require highspeed determination of the magnitude of a complex number (vector ...

Oscilloscopes often include the ability to cross plot the data from two waveforms using X-Y displays. These displays find applications in switched-mode power measurements, baseband ...